Application of proteomics technology in dry eye disease and acupuncture treatment / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Dry eye disease(DED)refers to a condition characterized by reduced stability of the tear film or an imbalance in the microenvironment of the ocular surface, resulting from abnormalities in quality, quantity and kinetics of tear. This condition leads to various ocular discomforts and even visual impairment. The pathogenesis of DED is multifactorial and current treatment mainly focuses on symptom relief and preservation of visual function. Acupuncture has shown effectiveness in treating dry eye, although its underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Proteomics technology offers a comprehensive and systematic approach to studying the functions, structures and interactions of proteins. Its application in DED research can provide valuable insights into the dynamic changes in protein levels associated with different etiology or the course of DED and facilitate the identification of potential biomarkers. Furthermore, proteomics can systematically explore the regulatory mechanisms underlying acupuncture treatment for DED, providing a theoretical basis for acupuncture treatment research and contributing to the understanding of its effects at a fundamental level. This paper aims to explore the potential application of proteomics in both clinical and basic research on DED. Ultimately, it strives to offer scientific and effective strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of DED and advance our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying acupuncture therapy.

Effect of needle-free jet injection of insulin glargine on glycaemic fluctuation in type 2 diabetic patients with uncontrolled glycemia / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of insulin glargine administration by jet injection versus conventional insulin pen on glucose profile using professional mode flash glucose monitoring(FGM) system in type 2 diabetic patients with poor glucose control.Methods:In this randomized, controlled, crossover study, 40 patients with T2DM who treated with insulin glargine were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into group A(jet injector-conventional pen, n=20) and group B(conventional pen-jet injector, n=20). Each patient wore FreeStyle Libre sensor from day 4 to day 17. The specialist nurse instructed patients how to master the injection techniques. Professional FGM system was applied to assess glucose profile. Results:The fasting blood glucose(FBG) of the enrolled patients was(9.37±1.84) mmol/L. In contrast to conventional insulin pen, treatment with the jet injector significantly decreased the 24h MBG [(9.06±2.13 vs 9.98±2.67) mmol/L, P=0.001], MaxBG [(16.69±3.01 vs 17.95±3.48) mmol/L, P=0.001], AUC>10 mmol/L [95.93(21.12, 129.02) vs 142.66( 27.88, 198.46), P=0.002], TAR(31.10±21.89 vs 39.49±25.93, P=0.003), MAGE and SDBG. It was observed that patients using jet injector had significant increased TIR(65.94±20.47 vs 58.32±25.00, P=0.001). There were no difference in the risk of hypoglycaemia between two groups. Conclusion:Insulin jet injector was more effective than the insulin pen on glycaemic control and glucose fluctuation without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients with uncontrolled glycemia.

Preliminary application of CT on accessing aortic arch calcification during parathyroid SPECT/CT in patients with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To access the clinical value and related risk factors of aortic arch calcification (AoAC) in patients with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) on CT during parathyroid SPECT/CT imaging.Methods:From January 2014 to May 2021, 136 renal SHPT patients (70 males, 66 females, age (50.1±11.4) years) who underwent parathyroid 99Tc m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) SPECT/CT in Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University were retrospectively enrolled. AoAC score was estimated with CT(1-5), and patients were divided into none-light AoAC group (AoAC score<3) and moderate-severe AoAC group (AoAC score≥3). Independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences of various indicators between two groups. Univariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of AoAC. Results:Of 136 renal SHPT patients, 111(81.62%) were AoAC detected by CT. There were 84 patients in none-light AoAC group and 52 patients in moderate-severe AoAC group. The age ((46.7±9.8) vs (55.7±11.6) years; t=-4.84, P<0.001), pulse pressure (52(41, 64) vs 60(51, 70) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa); z=-3.27, P=0.001), serum corrected calcium (2.41(2.28, 2.53) vs (2.49±0.22) mmol/L; z=-2.50, P=0.013), serum phosphorus ((1.95±0.39) vs (2.14±0.48) mmol/L; t=-2.54, P=0.012), calcium phosphorus product ((4.68±1.07) vs (5.29±1.10) mmol 2/L 2;t=-3.21, P=0.013) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) level (106.30(90.15, 127.45) vs 109.90(87.93, 157.63) pmol/L; z=-2.09, P=0.036) between non-light AoAC group and moderate-severe AoAC group were significantly different. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum phosphorus (odds ratio ( OR)=7.261, 95% CI: 2.416-21.819, P<0.001), calcium and phosphorus product ( OR=1.598, 95% CI: 1.073-2.380, P=0.021) and PTH level ( OR=1.018, 95% CI: 1.007-1.029, P=0.001) were independent risk factors of AoAC. Conclusions:Hybrid SPECT/CT can be used for an effective method of evaluating AoAC in patients with renal SHPT. High serum phosphorus, high calcium phosphorus product and high PTH level may be independent risk factors of AoAC.

Research progress in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and therapeutic drug monitoring of biapenem / 中国药房

Biapenem is a carbapenem antibiotic， and can be used for the treatment of sepsis， pneumonia， lung abscess， chronic respiratory lesions secondary infection， complex urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis， etc. This article reviewed the studies on the pharmacokinetics， pharmacodynamics and therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM） of biapenem. The pharmacokinetic parameters of biapenem are not significantly different in healthy subjects， and there is no accumulation after multiple doses of biapenem. However， there are large differences in pharmacokinetic parameters in patients with severe disease and patients with abnormal renal function compared with healthy subjects， which leads to conventional treatment regimens not achieving the desired outcome. In terms of pharmacodynamics， biapenem can improve the rate of reaching the target value by increasing the frequency of administration and prolonging the infusion time. For patients with anuria in end-stage renal disease， dosing intervals can be extended to avoid drug accumulation. However, for patients with severe infection, a daily dose of 1.2 g still can not control infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which limits its use in patients with severe disease. It is recommended to implement TDM in severe patients and patients with abnormal renal function， and explore the best dosing regimen for biapenem in combination with pharmacokinetic models to ensure that the time that the free blood concentration of biapenem remains above minimum inhibitory concentration as a percentage of the time between doses （%fT＞MIC） is within the effective range，so that biapenem can exert a greater efficacy in severe patients and patients with abnormal renal function. For medical institutions that cannot carry out TDM， the efficacy of biapenem can be maximized by increasing the frequency of administration and prolonging the infusion time. For infections caused by P. aeruginosa， A. baumannii and Serratia marcescens with high drug resistance rates， it is recommended to combine or replace other antibiotics.

Analysis of natural regression and influencing factors of HSIL in the cervix of childbearing age patients / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To investigate the natural regression and related factors of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in the cervix of childbearing age women, and to evaluate the applicability of conservative management for future fertility needs. Methods: This study included 275 patients of reproductive age with fertility needs, who were diagnosed as HSIL by biopsy from April 30, 2015 to April 30, 2022, including 229 cases (83.3%) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅱ and 46 cases (16.7%) CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ. They were followed-up without immediate surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The median follow-up time was 12 months (range: 3-66 months). The regression, persistence and progression of lesions in patients with HSIL were analyzed during the follow-up period, the influencing factors related to regression and the time of regression were analyzed. Results: (1) Of the 275 HSIL patients, 213 cases (77.5%, 213/275) experienced regression of the lesion during the follow-up period. In 229 CIN Ⅱ patients, 180 cases (78.6%) regressed, 21 cases (9.2%) persisted, and 28 cases (12.2%) progressed. In 46 CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients, 33 cases (71.7%) regressed, 12 cases (26.1%) persisted, and 1 case (2.2%) progressed to invasive squamous cell carcinoma stage Ⅰ a1. There was no significant difference in the regression rate between the two groups (χ2=1.03, P=0.309). (2) The average age at diagnosis, age <25 years old at diagnosis were independent influencing factor of HSIL regression in univariate analysis (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference between HSIL regression and pathological grading, the severity of screening results, human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype, colposcopy image characteristics, number of biopsies during follow-up and pregnancy experience (all P>0.05). (3) The median regression times for patients aged ≥25 years and <25 years at diagnosis were 15 and 12 months, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that age ≥25 years at diagnosis significantly increased the median regression time compared to <25 years (χ2=6.02, P=0.014). Conclusions: For HSIL patients of childbearing age, conservative management without immediate surgical intervention is preferred if CINⅡ is fully evaluated through colposcopy examination. Age ≥25 years at diagnosis is a risk factor affecting the prognosis of HSIL patients.

Analysis and prediction of thyroid cancer morbidity and mortality trends in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the morbidity and mortality trends of thyroid cancer in China from 1990 to 2019, explore the causes of the trends, and predict morbidity and mortality in the future. Methods: The morbidity and mortality data of thyroid cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease database. The Joinpoint regression model was used to describe the change trends. Based on the morbidity and mortality data from 2012 to 2019, a grey model GM (1,1) was constructed to predict the trends in the next ten years. The model was tested by the posterior error method and residual test method. Results: In all populations, men and women, the AAPC values of the crude morbidity rates were 4.15% (95%CI: 3.86%-4.44%, P<0.001), 5.98% (95%CI: 5.65%-6.31%, P<0.001) and 3.23% (95%CI: 2.94%-3.53%, P<0.001) respectively, the AAPC values of age-standardized morbidity rates were 2.47% (95%CI: 2.12%-2.83%, P<0.001), 3.98% (95%CI: 3.68%-4.29%, P<0.001), 1.65% (95%CI: 1.38%-1.93%, P<0.001), the AAPC values of crude mortality rates were 2.09% (95%CI: 1.92%-2.25%, P<0.001), 3.68% (95%CI: 3.45%-3.90%, P<0.001), 0.60% (95%CI: 0.50%-0.71%, P<0.001). The age-standardized mortality rates in men showed a fluctuating trend of first decrease (1990-1994), then increase (1994-2012), and then decrease (2012-2019) (AAPC=1.35%, 95%CI: 1.16%-1.53%, P<0.001). The age-standardized mortality rate in women continuously decreased (AAPC=-1.70%, 95%CI: -1.82%- -1.58%, P<0.001). The GM (1,1) models can be used for medium and long-term predictions. The results of the residual test show that the average relative error values of all models are less than 10.00%, the prediction accuracy values are more than 80.00%, and the prediction effects are good. The results of the posterior error method show that all the prediction results are good except the qualified prediction of the age-standardized morbidity rate in men. In 2029, the crude morbidity rates would increase to 3.57/100 000, 2.78/100 000, and 4.40/100 000, respectively, and the age-standardized incidence rates would increase to 2.38/100 000, 1.89/100 000, and 2.88/100 000, respectively, the crude mortality rates would increase to 0.57/100 000, 0.62/100 000 and 0.53/100 000, and the age-standardized mortality rates would decrease to 0.33/100 000, 0.42/100 000 and 0.27/100 000 in all population, men and women in China. Conclusions: The overall, gender- specific age-standardized mortality rates showed downward trends in the last decade or so, and the prediction results showed that it might further decline. However, the crude morbidity rates, age-standardized and crude mortality rates have been on the rise, and the population aging is becoming increasingly serious in China, which requires close attention and targeted prevention and control measures.

Relationship between smoking and the risk of morbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases among residents aged 30 years and above in Sichuan Province: a prospective study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the morbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in residents aged 30 years and above in Sichuan Province, and analyze the effect of smoking on the risk of morbidity on COPD. Methods: From 2004 to 2008, people were randomly selected from Pengzhou, Sichuan Province. All the local people aged 30-79 years were asked to receive questionnaire survey, physical examination and pulmonary function testing, and long-term follow-up to determine the morbidity of COPD. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the relationship between smoking and COPD. Results: In 46 540 participants, the current smoking rates were 67.31% in males and 8.67% in females, there were 3 101 new cases of COPD, with a cumulative incidence of 6.66%. Adjusted for age, gender, occupation, marriage, income level, educational level, BMI, daily total physical activity, current cooking frequency, whether there was smoke exhaust device at present and frequency of passive smoking exposure, multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that compared with the non-smoking population, current smoking and quitting smoking increased the risk of COPD, with HR of 1.42 (95%CI:1.29-1.57) and 1.34 (95%CI:1.16-1.53). Compared with people who never or occasionally smoke, the risk of morbidity on COPD increased with the increase of average daily smoking volume, mixed smoking at present, mixed smoking at the beginning increased the risk of COPD, with HR of 1.79 (95%CI: 1.42-2.25) and 2.12 (95%CI: 1.53-2.92), started smoking at the age of <18 years old and ≥18 years old increased the risk of COPD, with HR of 1.61 (95%CI:1.43-1.82) and 1.34 (95%CI: 1.22-1.48), inhaling into the mouth, throat and lung during smoking increased the risk of COPD, with HR of 1.30 (95%CI: 1.16-1.45), 1.63 (95%CI: 1.45-1.83) and 1.37 (95%CI: 1.21-1.55). Adjusted for multiple confounding factors and adjusted for regression dilution bias, the average daily smoking volume, the age of starting smoking and the depth of smoking inhalation had an impact on the incidence of COPD, and the gender difference was particularly prominent. Conclusions: Smoking increased the risk of morbidity on COPD, which was related to the average daily smoking volume, the type of smoking, the age of starting smoking and the depth of smoking inhalation. Tobacco control should comprehensively consider the specific characteristics of smoking, so as to prevent COPD.

Review of traditional Chinese medicines in ameliorating neuropsychiatric diseases by improving the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters via gut microbiota regulation / 中国中药杂志

The degeneration of monoaminergic system and the reduction of monoamine neurotransmitters(MNTs) are associated with the occurrence of a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases, becoming the key indicators for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Recent studies suggested gut microbiota could influence the occurrence, development, and treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases by directly or indirectly regulating the synthesis and metabolism of MNTs. Rich clinical experience has been accumulated in the amelioration and treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases by traditional Chinese medicines. The traditional oral administration method demonstrates obvious advantages in regulating gut microbiota. It provides a new idea for explaining the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines in ameliorating neuropsychiatric disease by improving the levels of MNTs via gut microbiota regulation. Focusing on three common neuropsychiatric diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and major depression, we summarized the pathways of gut microbiota in regulating the levels of MNTs and the paradigms of traditional Chinese medicines in ameliorating neuropsychiatric diseases via the "bacteria-gut-brain axis", aiming to provide ideas for the development of drugs and treatment schemes.

Cross subject personality assessment based on electroencephalogram functional connectivity and domain adaptation / 生物医学工程学杂志

The research shows that personality assessment can be achieved by regression model based on electroencephalogram (EEG). Most of existing researches use event-related potential or power spectral density for personality assessment, which can only represent the brain information of a single region. But some research shows that human cognition is more dependent on the interaction of brain regions. In addition, due to the distribution difference of EEG features among subjects, the trained regression model can not get accurate results of cross subject personality assessment. In order to solve the problem, this research proposes a personality assessment method based on EEG functional connectivity and domain adaption. This research collected EEG data from 45 normal people under different emotional pictures (positive, negative and neutral). Firstly, the coherence of 59 channels in 5 frequency bands was taken as the original feature set. Then the feature-based domain adaptation was used to map the feature to a new feature space. It can reduce the distribution difference between training and test set in the new feature space, so as to reduce the distribution difference between subjects. Finally, the support vector regression model was trained and tested based on the transformed feature set by leave-one-out cross-validation. What's more, this paper compared the methods used in previous researches. The results showed that the method proposed in this paper improved the performance of regression model and obtained better personality assessment results. This research provides a new method for personality assessment.

Comparative analysis on occupational hazards of three welding operations / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the occupational hazards caused by three kinds of welding operations, and to provide data support for individual protection. Methods: In October 2020, the welding fumes, metal elements and welding arc generated by three welding operations of argon gas shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) , manual welding (ZS60A welding rod) and carbon dioxide shielded welding (907A flux cored wire) were collected and measured in the welding laboratory. The samples were analyze and compare in the laboratory, and the differences of the occupational hazard factors of the three welding operations were judged. Results: The concentration of welding fume produced by carbon dioxide shielded welding, manual welding (ZS60A electrode) , and argon gas shielded welding (JS80 welding wires) were 6.80 mg/m(3), 6.17 mg/m(3), and 3.13 mg/m(3), respectively. The effective irradiance of the welding arc outside the welding mask from high to low is manual welding (ZS60A electrode) , carbon dioxide shielded welding (907A flux-cored welding wire) , and argon shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) , respectively 1 010.7, 740.9, 589.5 μW/cm(2). The long-wave ultraviolet UVA intensity generated by argon shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) is the largest, which is 1 500 μW/cm(2). The content of Mn in the three welding operations is the highest, and JS80 welding wire has the highest Mn content of 128493.2 mg/kg. 907A flux cored wire has the highest Ti content, which is 24355.5mg/kg. The electrode ZS60A has the highest Cu content, which is 24422.12 mg/kg. Conclusion: The intensity of occupational hazards is different in the three kinds of welding operations, so the methods of personal protective equipment, field exposure assessment and health monitoring should be more targeted.

Etiology and clinical characteristics of fever of unknown origin in 357 pediatric patients / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the etiologies and clinical characteristics of fever of unknown origin (FUO) and to provide clues for early diagnosis of FUO. Methods: The data about etiology, age, sex, clinical course, length of hospital stays and the expression levels of inflammatory factors in fever phase of 357 pediatric inpatients who were diagnosed with FUO in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Participants were grouped into infectious disease, inflammatory disease, malignancy and others and according to the classification of diseases and also grouped into those aged<1 year, 1-<3 years,3-<6 years, 6-<12 years and 12-<18 years. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and χ² test. Results: Among the 357 patients (217 males and 140 females). The age of onset was 3.9 (1.3, 9.2) years and visiting age was 5.1 (2.0, 9.3) years. The time-consuming of diagnosis was 94 (66, 213) days. The hospital stay was 8 (6, 14) days. The most frequently identified cause of FUO was infectious diseases (163 cases, 45.7%), followed by non-infectious inflammatory diseases (133 cases, 37.2%), malignancy (21 cases, 5.9%) and others (40 cases, 11.2%). The patients at younger age were more likely to be attacked by malignancy, oncologic diagnoses, and others, nevertheless patients at older age were more likely to be attacked by non-infectious inflammatory diseases oppositely (9.8 (3.6, 11.5) vs. 3.0 (1.2, 7.0), 2.3 (1.0, 5.2), 0.9 (0.5, 1.8) years, U=41.30, 15.94, 37.08, all P<0.01);106 (65%) patients were male, and 57 (35%) patients were female. This result indicated that boys were more susceptible to infectious diseases (χ²=14.73, P<0.01). Analysis of inflammatory factors in serum among 103 patients, interleukin (IL)-6 level in 40 infectious diseases patients (9 (2, 38) ng/L) was significantly lower than those of 6 tumor patients (89 (64, 599) ng/L) and 57 non-infectious inflammatory diseases patients (25 (8, 78) ng/L, U=51.05, 15.70, both P<0.05), no significant difference was observed in IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α and interferon among the groups (all P>0.05). The patients grouped into those aged 1-<3 years and 3-<6 years were more likely to be attacked by infectious diseases (51.3% (59/115) and 57.1% (40/70)), while patients grouped into those aged 6-<12 years and 12-<18 years were more likely to be attacked by non-infectious inflammatory diseases (55.6% (65/117) and 72.4% (21/29)). Conclusions: Infectious disease is still the main cause of FUO in children and the boys are more susceptible to infectious diseases. However, the morbidity of non-infectious inflammatory diseases increases to number 1 in FUO of children over 6 years of age.

Clinical study of Huzhang Polou Decoction combined with acupoint application for the children with mycoplasma pneumonia complicated with atelectasis and phlegm-heat obstruction / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Huzhang Polou Decoction combined with acupoint application in the treatment of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) complicated with atelectasis.Methods:A total of 105 MPP children with atelectasis and phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome in our hospital from August 2019 to March 2022, who met the inclusion criteria, were divided into control group (53 cases) and observation group (52 cases), by random number table method. The control group was given azithromycin sequential therapy on the basis of conventional western medicine treatment, and the observation group was given Huzhang Polou Decoction and acupoint application on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 19 days. TCM syndromes were scored before and after treatment. The FEV1 and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) were measured by pulmonary function measurement instrument. The CRP was measured by immunoturbidimetry and procalcitonin (PCT) was measured by ELISA. The recovery time of fever, disappearance time of cough and sputum, disappearance time of lung rales, lung recruitment time, and adverse reactions during treatment were recorded, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:The total effective rate was 96.15% (50/52) in the observation group and 84.91% (45/53) in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=3.85, P=0.050). After treatment, the TCM syndrome score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=22.78, P<0.01). FEV1 [(1.87±0.29) L vs. (1.54±0.28) L, t=5.93] and PEF [(79.82±6.29) L/min vs. (74.32±6.30) L/min, t=4.48] were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). The levels of serum CRP [(9.18±2.98) mg/L vs. (12.34±3.00) mg/L, t=5.42] and PCT [(0.60±0.15) ng/L vs. (0.96±0.21) ng/L, t=9.93] were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). The recovery time of fever, disappearance time of cough and sputum, disappearance time of lung rale and lung recruitment time in the observation group were significantly earlier than those in the control group ( t=7.27, 6.84, 3.76, 5.87, all Ps<0.01). During treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions was 3.77% (2/53) in the control group and 1.92% (1/52) in the observation group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.32, P=0.569). Conclusion:The Huzhang Polou Decoction combined with acupoint application can improve the pulmonary function of children with MPP complicated with atelectasis, reduce the level of serum inflammatory cytokines, improve the clinical efficacy safely.

Effects and influencing factors of vestibular rehabilitation in 171 cases / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of vestibular rehabilitation and to identify factors that can affect rehabilitation outcomes. Methods: From December 2018 to October 2020, patients who underwent vestibular rehabilitation in the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University were prospectively followed up. A battery of vestibular function examinations and psychological status evaluations were applied before and after rehabilitation initiation. The main outcomes were vertigo/dizziness and unsteadiness, measured by visual analogue scale (VAS); Secondary outcomes were daily activities and participation, assessed by vestibular activities and participation measure (VAP). Paired t-test was used to compare the effects before and after rehabilitation. Binary logistic regressions were applied to analyze the influencing factors of rehabilitation outcomes. Results: A total sample of 171 patients was followed up regularly with a median time of 11 months. Of the 171 patients evaluated, 72 were males and 99 were females; age ranged from 10 to 89 years old with a median age of 55 years old. At 6-month follow-up, the difference of VAS score of vertigo/dizziness and unsteadiness pre-post rehabilitation was 1.79±1.80 and 1.56±1.76, respectively; The difference of activity and participation domain of VAP score was 2.51±13 and 1.27±3.75, respectively. All differences pre-post rehabilitation exhibited statistically significant with P values<0.01. Regression analysis demonstrated that the length of symptom onset was a significant predictor of poor balance recovery (OR=6.52; 95%CI:2.10, 20.27). Visual dependence (OR=5.44; 95%CI: 1.38, 21.47) and suspectable anxiety (OR=6.45; 95%CI: 1.49, 28.30) were identified as risk factors for poor recovery of vertigo/dizziness. Conclusions: Vestibular rehabilitation effectively reduces dizziness, promotes balance, and improves the function of daily activities. Time from the onset, visual dependence and suspectable anxiety are the main factors hindering a desirable rehabilitation outcome.

Effectiveness and cost analysis of two chemical molluscicides in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and cost of 50% and 80% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (NESWP) and 26% metaldehyde and niclosamide suspension concentrate (MNSC) in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions, so as to provide insights into the selection of chemical molluscicides in hilly regions. Methods In September 2020, a wasteland in Guanshanqiao Village, Yanrui Township, Yushan County of Jiangxi Province was selected as the experimental region, which was sectioned into five blocks and defined as four experimental groups (A1, A2, B, C) and a blank control group (D). 80% NESWP were given at doses of 1 g/m2 and 1.5 g/m2 in groups A1 and A2 using the spraying method, 50% NESWP was given at a dose of 2 g/m2 in Group B using the spraying method, and 26% MNSC was at a dose of 4 g/m2 in Group C using the spraying method, while no chemical treatment was given in Group D. Snail survey was performed using a systematic sampling method before chemical treatment and 1, 3, 7 d and 15 d post-treatment to examine the molluscicidal effect, and all molluscicidal costs were estimated to calculate the cost of chemical treatment per 1 m2 and the cost of the reduction in the mean density of living snails per 1%. Results The highest mortality of snails was 78.95% and the lowest density of living snails was 0.2388 snails/0.1 m2 in the experimental groups within 7 d of chemical treatment, and the highest mortality of snails was 94.74% and the lowest density of living snails was 0.058 0 snails/0.1 m2 7 d post-treatment. There were no significant differences in the snail mortality among the A1, A2, B and C groups 1 (χ2 = 2.250, P > 0.05), 3 (χ2 = 1.779, P > 0.05) or 15 d post-treatment (χ2 = 2.286, P > 0.05), while a significant difference was detected in the snail mortality among the four groups 7 d post-treatment (χ2 = 7.990, P = 0.046). In addition, there were no significant differences in the snail mortality between A1 and A2 groups 1 (χ2 = 0.724, P > 0.05), 3 (χ2 = 0.584, P > 0.05), 7 (χ2 = 0.400, P > 0.05) or 15 d post-treatment (χ2 = 0.251, P > 0.05). The costs of chemical treatment per 1 m2 were 0.58, 0.60, 0.64 Yuan and 0.73 Yuan in groups A1, A2, B and C, and the costs of the mean density of living snail per 1% reduction were 19.29, 20.44, 21.68 Yuan and 23.53 Yuan in groups A1, A2, B and C, respectively. Conclusion 80% NESWP shows a high molluscicidal efficacy and low cost in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions.

Writing and editing of both contributed papers and publications in the first half year of 2020 from Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine / 上海预防医学

objective:To analyze the contributed papers and publications in the first half year of 2020 from Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine， especially the COVID-19 papers， to provide basis for the academic journals to win out during the public hot points. Methods:All the papers contributed in the first half year of 2020 from Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine， were collected to analyze the sources parameters， editing parameters. All published papers were collected to analyze the sources parameters， editing parameters and their usages （downloads and citations）. Results:There were 450 papers contributed in the first half year of 2020， 129 papers were accepted accounting for 28.67%. Among them， 116 papers were COVID-19 papers accounting for 25.78%， and 32 papers were accepted accounting for 24.81%. the March was the highest month of contribution， also for COVID-19 papers. Many academic domains such as infectious disease， women and children health， clinic science， chronic disease， social medicine， public hygiene and others were predominated among those papers. COVID-19 papers dominated in domains of infectious disease and social medicine. According to the non-COVID-19 papers， the COVID-19 papers had higher numbers of peer reviewers， lower days for back improvement， lower days for refusals or acceptance， also had lower copy percentages by plagiarism check （all P<0.05）. there were 106 papers published in the first half year of 2020. Published COVID-19 papers had higher number of authors， higher numbers of references in term of governments reports， foreign references and less than 5 years references （all P<0.05）. Those published COVID-19 papers had better usages than those no-COVID-19 papers， adjusted downloads were 2 077.37/year vs 111.53/year， adjusted citations were 12.99/year vs 0.49/year. It was obvious that the published COVID-19 papers had very excellent social influences and academic influences （P<0.001）. Conclusion:Publication in the first half year of 2020 from Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine is high-qualified and is good for the journal’s improvement in social influences and academic influences. It is important for academic journals to pay more attention to the hot points of public health accordingly.

Exercise Intervention for Patients with Depression: An Evidence Mapping / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To systematically identify, describe, and evaluate research evidence related to exercise intervention in patients with depression through the evidence mapping method. Methods Related studies on exercise intervention for patients with depression were searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, VIP, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and PubMed from inception to July, 2021. The quality of the studies was assessed using the risk of bias (RoB) tool recommended by the Cochrane Handbook Version 5.1.0 and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review-2 (AMSTAR-2). Based on World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs) framework, an evidence mapping framework was established, using EPPI software and Microsoft Excel 2019 tools for data extraction and coding, and using bubble charts to comprehensively present the research population, intervention categories, original research sample size, and the number of studies included in the systematic review/meta-analysis, conclusion classification and other information. Results A total of 101 randomized controlled trials and 52 systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included. The randomized controlled trials involved three types of intervention strategies with 15 different interventions, mainly including unspecified exercise intervention (28, 27.72%) and yoga intervention (19, 18.81%). The main research outcomes included b1. Global mental functions (92, 91.09%) and d9. Community, social and civic life (19, 18.81%). Among the three types of intervention strategies, rehabilitation accounted for the highest proportion, with 47 studies in total, accounting for 46.53%. The main research population was patients with other specified depression (19, 40.42%), such as patients with major depression and elderly depression. Forty-six research conclusions (97.87%) were classified as "beneficial" or "probably beneficial". In 52 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, nine interventions were involved, mainly including unspecified exercise intervention (17, 32.69%) and yoga intervention (12, 23.08%). The main study outcomes included b1. Global mental functions (41, 78.85%) and adverse reactions (12, 23.08%). Among the three types of intervention strategies, the treatment type accounted for the highest proportion, with a total of 34 studies, accounting for 65.38%. The study population was mainly patients with other specific depression (27, 79.41%), such as adult depression and pregnant women with depression, 28 (82.35%) of the research conclusions were classified as "beneficial" or " probably beneficial". At the same time, the intervention environment/background was mainly outpatient and inpatient environment. Conclusion Exercise intervention may be beneficial for patients with depression. However, the effectiveness of walking, cycling, Qigong, resistance training, and sports game interventions, the optimal intervention duration or intensity, and the adverse effects of the intervention, still need to be further explored by high-quality study in the future.

Exercise Intervention for Patients with Depression: An Evidence Mapping / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To systematically identify, describe, and evaluate research evidence related to exercise intervention in patients with depression through the evidence mapping method. Methods Related studies on exercise intervention for patients with depression were searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, VIP, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and PubMed from inception to July, 2021. The quality of the studies was assessed using the risk of bias (RoB) tool recommended by the Cochrane Handbook Version 5.1.0 and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review-2 (AMSTAR-2). Based on World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs) framework, an evidence mapping framework was established, using EPPI software and Microsoft Excel 2019 tools for data extraction and coding, and using bubble charts to comprehensively present the research population, intervention categories, original research sample size, and the number of studies included in the systematic review/meta-analysis, conclusion classification and other information. Results A total of 101 randomized controlled trials and 52 systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included. The randomized controlled trials involved three types of intervention strategies with 15 different interventions, mainly including unspecified exercise intervention (28, 27.72%) and yoga intervention (19, 18.81%). The main research outcomes included b1. Global mental functions (92, 91.09%) and d9. Community, social and civic life (19, 18.81%). Among the three types of intervention strategies, rehabilitation accounted for the highest proportion, with 47 studies in total, accounting for 46.53%. The main research population was patients with other specified depression (19, 40.42%), such as patients with major depression and elderly depression. Forty-six research conclusions (97.87%) were classified as "beneficial" or "probably beneficial". In 52 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, nine interventions were involved, mainly including unspecified exercise intervention (17, 32.69%) and yoga intervention (12, 23.08%). The main study outcomes included b1. Global mental functions (41, 78.85%) and adverse reactions (12, 23.08%). Among the three types of intervention strategies, the treatment type accounted for the highest proportion, with a total of 34 studies, accounting for 65.38%. The study population was mainly patients with other specific depression (27, 79.41%), such as adult depression and pregnant women with depression, 28 (82.35%) of the research conclusions were classified as "beneficial" or " probably beneficial". At the same time, the intervention environment/background was mainly outpatient and inpatient environment. Conclusion Exercise intervention may be beneficial for patients with depression. However, the effectiveness of walking, cycling, Qigong, resistance training, and sports game interventions, the optimal intervention duration or intensity, and the adverse effects of the intervention, still need to be further explored by high-quality study in the future.

In vivo and in vitro inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry quantification of minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill and their effect on intestinal flora / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Cerebral ischemia or ischemic stroke is due to insufficient blood supply to the brain, which causes hypoxia or ischemia in some areas. This work aimed to quantify the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vivo and in vitro, analyze its effect on the types and abundance of intestinal flora, and study its mechanism on inflammation and apoptosis pathways as a treatment for cerebral ischemia. METHODS Microwave digestion and induc?tively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine the minerals and heavy metals in 10 batches of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vitro. With the use of the middle cerebral artery obstruction (MCAO) model, ICP-MS was applied to determine the content of minerals and heavy metals in hepatic portal vein blood, abdominal aortic blood, brain, liver, kidney, hair, urine and feces at different time periods. On this model, the ileum, cecum, and colon tissues were tested for intestinal pathology, and 16S rRNA was used for sequencing. Species taxonomy, α diversity, and spe?cies microbial composition and structure analysis were also performed. Polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were employed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of p38 MAPK, caspase-3, IL-1β and TNF-α in the isch?emic brain tissues of rats. RESULTS The average content of heavy metals in the 10 batches of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill samples is in the descending order Hg>Cu>Pb. Significant differences in the metal elements are found among Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill from different manufacturers but not among the different batches of the same manufacturer. An extremely low content of heavy metals are absorbed into the blood or accumulated in the brain, liver, kidney, and other tissues. Stool is the main excretion route of minerals and heavy metals from Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill. This medicine helps repair the intestinal mucosa in MCAO rats. At the phylum level, it can regulate the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the intestinal flora of rats with cerebral ischemia. At the genus level, it can adjust the abundance of Escherichia Shigella. At the species level, it can adjust the abundance of Lactobacillus yoelii and Lactobacillus reuteri. Cluster classification results show that Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill can improve the intestinal flora of rats with cerebral ischemia, reduce the mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 and IL-1βin rat brain tissues, and have a tendency to decrease the mRNA expres?sion of p38 MAPK and TNF-α. CONCLUSION Quantifying the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vivo and in vitro will help improve their quality standards. Minerals and heavy metals are mainly excreted in feces, accumu?late in extremely low levels in various tissues, and do not damage the intestinal mucosa. The effective material basis of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in treating cerebral ischemia may be related to their Li, Cr, and Cd elements. These pills can improve the environment of intestinal flora, and their mechanism of treatment for cerebral ischemia may be related to the down-regulation of IL-1βinflammatory factor and inhibition of cell apoptosis.

Acupuncture adjuvant treatment for dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of acupuncture on swallowing function and nutritional status of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) dysphagia.@*METHODS@#A total of 56 patients with PD dysphagia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 28 cases in each one. Both groups were given conventional treatment and swallowing function rehabilitation training.On the basis, the observation group was treated with acupuncture (filiform needling and tongue picking acupuncture). The acupoints of filiform needling were Lianquan (CV 23), Shanglianquan (Extra), Yifeng (TE 17), etc.; and the tongue picking acupuncture was applied at Jinjin (EX-HN 12), Yuye (EX-HN 13) and posterior pharyngeal wall. Rehabilitation training and acupuncture were performed once a day for 5 consecutive days a week, 2 weeks as a course of treatment, 3 courses in total. The swallowing function [oral transit time (OTT), swallowing response time (SRT), pharyngeal transit time (PTT), laryngeal closure duration (LCD)] and nutritional indexes [body mass index (BMI), serum albumin (ALB), serum prealbumin (PA), hemoglobin (Hb)] in the two groups were evaluated before and after treatment, and the clinical effects were compared.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the paste and liquid OTT, SRT, PTT, LCD in the two groups were shorter than those before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture-assisted rehabilitation training can improve the swallowing function and nutritional status in patients with Parkinson's disease swallowing disorders.

Media convergence of comprehensive preventive medical journals / 上海预防医学

Media convergence is the combination and convergence of every element of media in forms of breakdown of traditional classification, formats and distribution etc. It means the blending of its contents, consumers and operations in full and a new media was developed named as new media. The paper tries to explore the media convergence by starting from the paper-printed media, especially from the scientific journals. It is obvious that the basement is the electronization of media, comprehensive use of multi-technology is the fundamental tools, and it made the results of the inevitability of deep changes in term of thoughts, mindset and managerial principles as well. At the same time, the adverse effect of media convergence consequently coming from the freedom and openness of media convergence will be considered and avoided, so the surveillance of administrative functions and technicals should be adopted or developed accordingly.